A few points to note: Note that only variables and configuration settings will be passed. to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. You can always use a JavaScript function or call Java for more complex logic. Use this for building multipart named (form) field requests. However, unlike Cucumber, tests aren't written in Java and are fully described in the Gherkin file. The integer port argument is mandatory and you have to choose one that is not being used. A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos. In some rare cases you need to exit a Scenario based on some condition. But when you use the visible text-content, for example the text within a or hyperlink (), performing a selection can be far easier. Here is an example of using the call keyword to invoke another feature file, loaded using the read function: If you find this hard to understand at first, try looking at this set of examples. For example, here below is an actual report generated by the cucumber-reporting open-source library. Soumendra Daas has created a nice example and guide that you can use as a reference here: hello-karate. Note that the optional(), exists() and locate() APIs are a little different from the other Element actions, because they will not honor any intent to retry() and immediately check the HTML for the given locator. Note how even calls to Java code can be made if needed. The syntax will include a = sign between the key and the value. Karate Test Automation Made Simple. Listed on 2023-03-01. Note how the fake response.json is tiny compared to the real JSON, because we know that only a few data-elements are needed for the UI to work in this case. Now we can right click on feature file and run it. karate.set('temp', squares); This also works as a getter to get the current window dimensions. Based on the above details, you should be able to come up with a custom strategy to connect Karate to Playwright. Everything to the right of the assert keyword will be evaluated as a single expression. Just write tests in a simple, readable syntax - carefully designed for HTTP, JSON, GraphQL and XML. function() { This comes in useful because depending on how you organize your files and folders - you can have multiple feature files executed by a single JUnit test-class. Here below is an example jbang script that uses the Karate Java API to do some useful work. }, return results.size() == 2 ? 1 [karate]: Karate UI Automation: Unable to launch the browser. Yes, you can modify the request or response if needed ! Rarely used, but sometimes for only some parts of your test - you need to tell the browser to wait for a very slow loading page. Since paths are expected at the end of the command-line options - if you want to only over-ride tags, use the = sign to make argument values clear. The not equals operator != works as you would expect: You typically will never need to use the != (not-equals) operator ! You just need to do a normal POST (or GET). When eyeballing a test-script, think of the * as a bullet-point. For example if you want to get only the cells out of a that contain the text data you can do this: Note that the JS in this case is run by Karate not the browser, so you use the Java String.contains() API not the JavaScript String.includes() one. By Clicking on each step in report we can see the steps information. Enable HTTPS calls without needing to configure a trusted certificate or key-store. This will snapshot the entire page, not just what is visible in the viewport. - Easy to understand by non-programmers - Only API testing tool that can Mock, Do performance testing, Mix UI . If you find yourself struggling to write dynamic JsonPath filters, look at karate.filter() as an alternative, described just below. You also have the option of setting multiple cookies in one-step using the cookies keyword. Observe how using JSON for parameter-passing makes things super-readable. You can if you want to, but since only JsonPath (on variables) is allowed here, Karate ignores the $ and looks only at the variable name. Here below are a few more common examples: The first three are good enough for random string generation for most situations. Only one JSON argument is allowed, but this does not limit you in any way as you can use any complex JSON structure. 12341234 In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. { id: { domain: "DOM", type: "entityId", value: "#ignore" }, Example: Set the HTML form-element value. We configure cors = true to ensure that the browser does not complain about cross-origin requests. Also see value(locator, value) and clear(). For convenience, a null value will be ignored. Other options are the quickstart or the standalone executable. EXPR in the table above is an interesting one. Since a scroll() + click() (or input()) is a common combination, you can chain these: This returns an instance of Mouse on which you can chain actions. If a file does not end in .json, .xml, .yaml, .js, .csv or .txt, it is treated as a stream - which is typically what you would need for multipart file uploads. For every HTTP request made from Karate, the internal flow is as follows: This makes setting up of complex authentication schemes for your test-flows really easy. }, Instead you would typically use the match keyword, that is designed for performing powerful assertions against JSON and XML response payloads. Here are some examples: Refer to this file for a comprehensive set of XML examples: xml.feature. Typically you would examine the value property as in the example above, but domain and path are also available. Refer to the demo karate-config.js for an example and how the demo.server.port system-property is set-up in the test runner: TestBase.java. Karate makes re-use of payload data, utility-functions and even other test-scripts as easy as possible. Ideally it should return pure JSON and note that you always get a deep clone of the cached result object. In some rare cases where you dont want to auto-convert JSON, XML, YAML or CSV, and just get the raw string content (without having to re-name the file to end with .txt) - you can use the karate.readAsString() API. "/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome", "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome", 'justinribeiro/chrome-headless', showDriverLog, :9222 --security-opt seccomp=./chrome.json justinribeiro/chrome-headless, 'Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App', # waitForEnabled() returns an "Element" instance, waitFor('input[name=query]').input('karate-logo.png'), # if you want to get the actual url for later use, "function(e){ return e.innerHTML == 'APPEARED!' Because of how easy it is to set HTTP headers, Karate does not provide any special keywords for things like the Accept header. # and even ignore fields at the same time ! This is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known to be correct. This is one reason why you may want to prefer a flat directory structure as explained above. Finally, using karate.response.header(name) can be simpler to just get a header value string by name, and it will ignore-case for the name passed as the argument: You would normally only need to use the status keyword. Naturally, only one value can be returned. He created Karate to address some of the issues of Selenium. This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. Example: In an application testing if we are login the application in each scenario then we can put the login scenario under background. } If your XPath is dynamic and has to be formed on the fly perhaps by using some variable derived from previous steps, you can use the karate.xmlPath() helper: You can refer to this file (which is part of the Karate test-suite) for more XML examples: xml-and-xpath.feature. input: { Note that forcing Scenario-s to run in a particular sequence is an anti-pattern, and should be avoided as far as possible. And if you need multiple functions, you can easily organize them into a single Java class with multiple static methods. Multiple fields can be set in one step using multipart fields. JSON arrays), see. Since the karate object is injected within karate-config.js on start-up, it is a simple and effective way for other processes within the same JVM to pass configuration values to Karate at run-time. This enables more concise tests, and the file can be re-usable in multiple, data-driven tests. e.g. Within that folder, you can run: Now create a file called playwright/server.js with the following code: The main thing here is that the server URL should be logged to the console when it starts. """, # karate's unified data handling means that even 'match' works, # which means that checking if a cookie does NOT exist is a piece of cake, # check if the response status is either of two values, # this may be sufficient to check a range of values. It also details how a third-party library can be easily used to generate some very nice-looking reports, from the JSON output of the parallel runner. return results.size() == 2 ? A URL remains constant until you use the url keyword again, so this is a good place to set-up the non-changing parts of your REST URL-s. A URL can take expressions, so the approach below is legal. } Note that def can be used to assign a feature to a variable. The set of built-in functions that start with wait handle all the cases you would need to typically worry about. Observe the usage of Scenario Outline: instead of Scenario:, and the new Examples: section. The $varName form is used on the right-hand-side of Karate expressions and is slightly different from pure JsonPath expressions which always begin with $. Also see type conversion. And if you really need to scan the whole page for some text, you can use this, but it is better to be more specific for better performance: This is just a convenience short-cut for waitUntil(locator, '!_.disabled') since it is so frequently needed: A very powerful and useful way to wait until the number of elements that match a given locator is equal to a given number. You can also use JSON to set multiple query-parameters in one-line using params and this is especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing. This example uses contains and the #? As a convenience, there is a second form where you can pass an array as the second argument: And an extra convenience third argument is a time-delay (in milliseconds) that will be applied before each array value. It returns the Element representation of whichever element was found first, so that you can perform conditional logic to handle accordingly. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. did the function invocation return a map-like (or JSON) object ? Here is an example of how to get the current date, and formatted the way you want: And the above will result in something like this being logged: [print] 2017/10/16. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Prefer readability over re-use. Refer to conditional logic for more ideas. You could get by by renaming the file-extension to say *.txt but an alternative is to use the karate.readAsString() API. It validates the entire payload in one step and checks if the kittens array contains all the expected items but in any order. """, """ Please refer to the wiki: Distributed Testing. And the start() method will be invoked as soon as any Scenario requests for a web-browser instance (for the first time) via the driver keyword. Also see the option below, where you can data-drive an Examples: table using JSON. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); For manipulating or updating JSON (or XML) using path expressions, refer to the set keyword. Now we will create a scenario in feature file. A typical need would be to perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested. As mentioned above, most CI tools would be able to process the JUnit XML output of the parallel runner and determine the status of the build as well as generate reports. The function is expected to return a JSON object and all keys and values in that JSON object will be made available as script variables. subType: Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. Since you can call Element.script() - any kind of filtering will be possible. Try this especially if you dont have much experience with programming or test-automation. A variation where the argument is JSON instead of a URL / address-string, used typically if you are testing a desktop (or mobile) application. The following short-cut is also supported which will disable all logs: When you use a re-usable feature that has commonly used utilities, you may want to hide this completely from the HTML reports. And there is another example in the karate-demos: schema.feature where you can compare Karates approach with an actual JSON-schema example. any valid JavaScript expression, and variables can be mixed in, another example: equivalent to the above, JavaScript function invocation, Pretty print the request payload JSON or XML with indenting (default, Pretty print the response payload JSON or XML with indenting (default. Of course it is an option to have Karate tests in a separate stand-alone maven project and folder, while still being in the same Git repository. Variables set using def in the Background will be re-set before every Scenario. a sibling Docker container or a Chrome browser in a different machine) you might need to configure DockerTarget with the remoteHost and/or useDockerHost properties. The syntax is easy to understand by non-programmers. Karates approach frees you from Maven, is far more expressive, allows you to eyeball all environments in one place, and is still a plain-text file. And yes, you can use variable expressions from karate-config.js. Karate is an external domain-specific language based on Gherkin language to create API, Web UI, and Desktop UI tests. If you use the Maven tweak described earlier (recommended), the root of the classpath will be in the src/test/java folder, or else would be src/test/resources. created: { on: "#ignore" }, name: 'John', Assuming the above code is in a file called my-headers.js, the next section on calling other feature files shows how it looks like in action at the beginning of a test script. Things are designed so that you can plug-in what you need, without needing to compile Java code. And you dont need to line-up an assortment of shell-scripts to do all these things. The configure driver options are fine for testing on localhost and when not in headless mode. This means that even when you have dynamic server-side generated values such as UUID-s and time-stamps appearing in the response, you can still assert that the full-payload matched in one step. And you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic validations at the same time. You can always directly access the variable called responseHeaders if you wanted to do more checks, but you typically wont need to. To run only a single scenario, append the line number on which the scenario is defined, de-limited by :. For example: And if you need to suppress placeholder substitution for read(), but still need a JSON snippet, you can do this. JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. And it is used to create a variable. It short-cuts to the pre-defined variable responseHeaders and reduces some complexity - because strictly, HTTP headers are a multi-valued map or a map of lists - the Java-speak equivalent being Map>. Features API and UI automation https://randomuser.me/api/portraits/women/34.jpg. Karate UI UI Test Automation Made Simple. So if you really wanted to assert that the HTTP response body is well-formed JSON or XML you can do this: Very rarely used - but you can get the Java system-time (for the current response) at the point when the HTTP request was initiated (the value of System.currentTimeMillis()) which can be used for detailed logging or custom framework / stats calculations. Karate will scan the log for any string that starts with ws:// and kick things off from there. height { "roomInformation": [{ "roomPrice": 618.4 }], "totalPrice": 618.4 }, It can be easily inspected or used in expressions. Get the outerHTML, so will include the markup of the selected element. Karate also has built-in support for websocket that is based on the async capability and the listen keyword.
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