Chronic Wasting DiseaseAsk The Deer Biologist - Ask a question. Because of these studies, questions about the role of predators in deer management in Pennsylvania are being asked: are predators reducing Pennsylvania's deer populations? The graph shows the deer population in a Pennsylvania county between 2010 and 2014. For specific questions about individual DMAP areas, contact the local state forest district office or state park office where the DMAP area is located. This finding has been demonstrated by several studies, one study looked at the deer populations in the Southeast and East Coast, which had recently been colonized by coyotes. . Our staff and research partners have demonstrated the ability to complete large, landscape-level field studies. The graph shows the deer population in a Pennsylvania county between 2010 and 2014. Antlerless allocations are used to manage deer populations in Pennsylvania. Lebanon to launch sharpshooting program for third year, February 8, 2019 Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, February 5, 2019 Pennsylvania, Altoona Mirror, Coyotes are among the problems for Pennsylvania deer, February 1, 2019 Pennsylvania, WJAC Johnstown, looking to cut the population in southern Blair and northern Bedford counties. But fawns are hard to find, they are camouflaged, almost scentless, and spend most of the day motionless in dense vegetation. The Effect of Coyotes on Pennsylvanias Deer Herd, Skip to the beginning of the images gallery, Protected Species in Pennsylvania: Northern Flying Squirrel, The Need for Turtle Conservation in Pennsylvania, Questions and Answers about Centipedes, Ladybirds and Butterflies, FISH: Pennsylvania Frog and Toad Breeding Phenology. Our state profiles bring you all key population characteristics of your state and your county on one page. 0000001902 00000 n Between 2010 and 2021, the state grew by an average of 0.2% per year. Pennsylvania Demographics by CUBIT. We couldnt have any of that without a well-managed deer herd and cooperation on the part of our hunters.. Round your r value to four decimal places.) The typical prevalence of white deer in a herd is 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 30,000 deer, but for Mill Creek Park to have three of them in a population of about 903 suggests poor genetic diversity . 2017-18 Deer Harvest Estimates (PDF) The Journal of Wildlife Management. Facing political pressure from all sides, and growing disenchantment from unsuccessful hunters, the Pa. Game Commission is seeking "middle ground" in its management of the state's deer herd. WMU 4D: archery, 3,550 (3,120) antlered, 3,020 (3,287) antlerless; muzzleloader, 50 (80) antlered, 1,280 (1,618) antlerless. When their population is out of balance with habitat,they impact state forests and parks by browsing tree seedlings, shrubs, and wildflowers beyond their capacity to reproduce, impacting the ability to sustain a healthy, fully functioning forest. WMU 4E: archery, 3,850 (3,420) antlered, 3,420 (2,750) antlerless; muzzleloader, 50 (80) antlered, 1,280 (1,250) antlerless. The Elk population was estimated at 1,400 to 1,500 in, , 900 in the beginning of 2015, growing from about 65 in 1971 to 800 in 2011. Since 1993, Pennsylvania hunters have harvested more than 400,000 deer in a license year 10 times. trailer << /Size 117 /Info 77 0 R /Root 95 0 R /Prev 72717 /ID[<19d57cb66c1994059e67daae0cbd46fd>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 95 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 76 0 R /Metadata 78 0 R /Outlines 99 0 R /StructTreeRoot 96 0 R /Names 97 0 R /SpiderInfo 83 0 R /PageMode /UseOutlines >> endobj 96 0 obj << /Type /StructTreeRoot /ClassMap 53 0 R /K 102 0 R /ParentTree 54 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 17 >> endobj 97 0 obj << /Dests 72 0 R /IDS 92 0 R /URLS 93 0 R >> endobj 115 0 obj << /S 103 /O 154 /E 170 /C 186 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 116 0 R >> stream In Pennsylvania, the deer population moves through the following sequence each year: Birth of fawns majority of predation 'pre-hunt' population deer hunting seasons Deer management objectives are based on 'pre-hunt' deer population trends. The 'pre-hunt' population includes fawns that have survived their most vulnerable period. The fact that we can maintain such high success rates on bucks year after year demonstrates the sustainability of the deer population in Pennsylvania.. Pennsylvania: 1.5 million All of Pennsylvania's deer are white-tails. Excessive browsingofearlyforestregenerationcan suppress certain tree species and promote the expansion of unpalatable or resilient species, further slowing the regeneration process. An Evaluation of Deer Management Options(PDF) The last time the antlerless deer harvest exceeded 2020-21s was in the 2004-05 license year, when 284,910 antlerless deer were taken. To determine deer population sizes and harvest recommendations by management unit. It is important to remember that even with the best management, deer herd size will always be limited by habitat carrying capacity, the number of animals an area can support. Out-of-balance deer populations impact other wildlife and frustrate efforts to establish healthy, young forests. Whitetail Periodicals:Life and Times of the WhitetailColumns. The buck harvest also increased 7 percent over the previous license years buck harvest of 163,240. Predation is a natural form of mortality for white-tailed deer. The 2020-21 estimated deer harvest topped the previous license year's harvest of 389,431 by about 12 percent, the commission announced today. The 2018-19 harvest was 226,940. Deer's role in the environment and society is complex, and Pennsylvania's managers of wildlife and forests are worried about the far-reaching negative effects of both climate change and CWD . Please enable scripts and reload this page. The Deer Management Assistance Program (DMAP), established by the Pennsylvania Game Commission, allows DCNR to promote forest regeneration by targeting the most vulnerable and severely impacted tracts for additional antlerless deer harvests. Other public . If a coyote can find and eat one fawn, it will be satiated for a few days giving the rest of the fawns a better chance at surviving the crucial first 30 days. Of the deer taken by hunters, many of the bucks harvested were older. |WnLRTp" Deer populations rebounded quickly (Figure 1). We reported this in our own study during the summers of 2000 and 2001 when we radio-tagged over 200 fawns and monitored them closely to measure cause-specific mortality. 2018-19 Deer Harvest Estimates (PDF) WMU 3B: archery, 3,470 (3,160) antlered, 2,110 (2,590) antlerless; muzzleloader, 30 (40) antlered, 1,190 (1,710) antlerless. John C. Kilgo, Mark Vukovich, H. Scott Ray, Christopher E. Shaw, Charles Ruth. Since coyotes struggle to take down healthy adult deer, they mainly predate fawns. Biological carrying capacity, which refers to a forests ability to support deer while maintaining healthy habitat, can vary year to year. Estimated Harvest of Furbearers. That our hunters are able to replicate that level of harvest speaks to just how sustainable our deer population is here in Pennsylvania.. WMU 4A: archery, 1,650 (1,610) antlered, 1,880 (1,696) antlerless; muzzleloader, 50 (90) antlered, 1,120 (1,313) antlerless. Flintlock muzzleloader deer season is Dec. 26-Jan. 16. WMU 5D: archery, 1,790 (2,180) antlered, 4,310 (4,460) antlerless; muzzleloader, 10 (20) antlered, 190 (240) antlerless. Then, coyotes enter the forest and eat two deer per year, but deer do not die from any other causes (such as starvation). These include Forest County (7,306), Juniata County (24,475), and Susquehanna County (41,238). If you look just at the data from 2021, Pennsylvania's percent positivity was 44%, Illinois was 7%, Michigan's was 67% and New York's was 31%. In response to deer population increases and increasing impacts on The 'pre-hunt' population is the number of deer available at the beginning of the first hunting season. Predator Densities and White-Tailed Deer Fawn Survival. Archery season runs Sept. 17-Nov. 25 and Dec. 26- Jan. 28 in WMUs 2B, 5C and 5D. Peak of the rut is about November 14. Mature, experienced does are more likely to choose birthing sites with security cover and adequate food nearby. . n (t) (4, 31,000) 30,000 - Deer 20,000- population 10,000- 1 3 2 Years since 2010 (a) What was the deer population in 2010? DEER, ANTLERLESS (Military Bases):Hunting permittedondaysestablished by the U.S.Department of the Army at Letterkenny Army Depot, Franklin County; New Cumberland Army Depot, York County; and Fort Detrick, Raven Rock Site, Adams County. Stainbrook said 22% percent of the states hunters took an antlered deer, which he said is in line with the previous four-year average and better than in years past. The 'pre-hunt' population is the number of deer available at the beginning of the first hunting season. 0:04. READING, Pa. White-tailed deer will soon be the target of a planned hunt in parts of Berks County. In the 2020-21 deer seasons, the Game Commission set the antlerless allocations at levels to reduce the deer population in Wildlife Management Units (WMUs) where chronic wasting disease (CWD) has been documented, as part of its ongoing effort to limit the spread of the disease, and the antlerless harvest increased in these WMUs as intended. This exercise uses the population growth model. By giving birth in the spring, does are setting themselves up for success as this is the time of year when plants are the most plentiful and nutritious. Tess M. Gingery, Duane R. Diefenbach, Bret D. Wallingford, Christopher S. Rosenberry. Pennsylvania's population increased 7 out of the 11 years between year 2010 and year 2021. Assume that the population grows exponentially. The Pennsylvania Game Commission could soon be using specially trained dogs to help sniff out deer infected with chronic wasting disease as part of a new effort to learn more about the fatal . The deer population in Pennsylvania has exploded since the 1880's causing a wide range of damage on the ecosystem, and humans. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. During the depression the practice of hunting deer at night "jacklighting" became popular, made illegal in. Extension Educator, Renewable Natural Resources/Forestry Educator. Predation is more complex than the simple killing of animals. . Experts: Pa.'s deer population is out of control The most dangerous wild animal in Pennsylvania has caused 60 deaths and nearly 4,400 serious injuries during the last seven years; it also carries an often debilitating and sometimes fatal disease. Proudly founded in 1681 as a place of tolerance and freedom. About 750,000 deer hunters were estimated, 16 per square mile of hunting land, but this number was later, population estimate from the state of 1.54 million with a deer population density of 39 deer per square mile of forested area. In, deer populations were increasing in three of the 23 management units and stable in other units, doe tags were increased to 932,000 for, , up from 903,000 in 2019-20 and up from 838,000 in 2018. The mule, blacktail, and other deer populations fell from about 4.6 million in 2000 to about 3.6 million in 2014, recovering to about 4 million in 2017. For a detailed analysis of our state's deer herd from 1900-1950, see Roger Latham's 1950 Pennsylvania Game News article, "Pennsylvania . Because of this, the deer population had doubled every two or three years in spite of a mounting . Game Commission executive director Bryan Burhans credited that to how hunters have embraced antler restrictions, in place since 2002. The estimated muzzleloader harvest was 21,060 (1,020 bucks, 20,040 antlerless deer). 5 subscribers Subscribe 0 18 views 5 months ago Updated population statistics from the 2020 Census Show more Show more. 2021. The whitetail population fell from about 33.5 million in 2000 to 28.6 million in 2014, recovering to about 29.5 million in 2017. An antlerless deer with each required antlerless license. WMU 2H: archery, 970 (690) antlered, 380 (230) antlerless; muzzleloader, 30 (10) antlered, 220 (170) antlerless. Oneida County, listed in the Adirondack Region, had a deer season in 1927, when 91 bucks were taken. This has led to many coyotes being killed by deer hunters in the name of saving" the deer herd, but is this true? The percentage of older bucks in the 2020-21 deer harvest remained high. In 1923, a minimum 2 points to an antler or 6-inch spike was required for a buck. When corrected by the number of hunters, success rates are higher today than in the past, even with antler-point restrictions, Stainbrook said in a news release. For the most part, coyotes in Pennsylvania are compensatory predators of deer. In some places, coyotes keep white-tailed deer recruitment rate low, but in Pennsylvania they do not. 0000001102 00000 n DEER, ANTLERED OR ANTLERLESS FLINTLOCK (WMUs 2B, 5C and 5D):Dec. 26-Jan. 28, 2023. Forest Habitats and Deer Deterrent Fencing down to between 2,000-2,500 to combat Chronic wasting disease. UTC-4 : FIPS code: 42-003-82800: West Deer Township is a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. Add-on archery and muzzleloader licenses must be purchased, and hunters can apply for antlerless licenses for $6 each. In the South Carolina study, 100 percent of fawns killed by predators were killed within 9 weeks of birth. Competition for mast can cause a reduction in: This in turn, reduces the predator populations that feed on them, including: In addition, over-browsingcan eliminate the shrub layer and greatly reduce the diversity of forest-floor plant species. One antlered deer per hunting license year, or one antlerless deer and an additional antlerless deer with each required antlerless license. Habitat includes 60 percent forest and 31 percent agriculture field. No. Deer Habitat Relationships Only Junior and Senior License Holders, 6 Commission Disabled Person Permit Holders (to use a vehicle as a blind), and Residents serving on active duty in the United States Armed Forces or U.S. Coast Guard. As in years past, bowhunters accounted for a little over one-third of the total deer harvest, taking 130,650 whitetails (68,580 bucks and 62,070 antlerless deer) with either bows or crossbows. If predation losses increase, the 'pre-hunt' population would decrease. This means, they do not impact a deer population. WMU 3A: archery, 2,470 (2,080) antlered, 1,630 (1,400) antlerless; muzzleloader, 30 (20) antlered, 980 (800) antlerless. Another estimate from Penn State of 1.5 million deer in, a population estimate from the state of 1.523 million deer. It is generally accepted that only predators 50lbs or more can consistently take down healthy adult deer without the help of outside forces like injury, disease, or deep snow. Pennsylvania is routinely producing some really impressive deer, on both public and private ground, Burhans said in the news release. Here is an example to better understand this complex topic: in a hypothetical Pennsylvania forest where there are no predators present, two deer die a year from starvation or disease. The review could not differentiate between animals that were hunted or scavenged, and according to the study's author it is likely that most of the cervids that are eaten were probably scavenged (e.g. A resident hunting license costs $20.90, which includes an antlered deer tag. If coyote predation was additive then deer populations would go down, but that is not what the study found. Of the bucks taken, 59 percent were 2.5 years old or older, a big increase from past years that the department attributes to antler restrictions. Unknown WMU: 80 (340) antlered, 200 (496) antlerless. Many deer hunters believe that coyotes keep down the white-tailed deer population." 2020-21 Deer Harvest Estimates (PDF) 2019-20 Deer Harvest Estimates (PDF) Justin R. Dion. The MC311 Information Center will handle reports of dead deer along the roadway: Call 311 (or 240-777-0311 from a cell phone) Monday through Friday, between the hours of 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. To report a dead deer on a 24/7 basis, contact the county through the MC311 website. The antlerless deer harvest for the 2020-21 seasons was 260,400. 2013-14: 3,200 total deer harvest; 1,500 antlered deer harvest. The Game Commission answers, January 21, 2019 Pennsylvania, The Patriot-News, Fairmount Park neighbors to City Hall: Stop killing our deer, January 18, 2019 Pennsylvania, Billy Penn. Coyotes and bears killed similar numbers of fawns. WMUs (1A, 1B, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, 2G, 2H, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 5A and 5B. While deer numbers can generate a lot of discussion, DCNR focuses its efforts on habitat conditions. The effects of predation are broken down into two types: compensatory or additive. An antlerless deer with each required antlerless license. Special Requests to Use State Game Lands Information, Deer Management Assistance Program (DMAP). In this example, predation is compensatory. Seeing the Whole Picture Estimating Deer Harvests The 10-year average for Antlerless Deer Licenses is 3.1 per antlerless deer. Bowhunters accounted for over a third of Pennsylvanias 2020-21 overall deer harvest taking 160,480 deer (80,130 bucks and 80,350 antlerless deer) with either bows or crossbows. . Deer population levels in most areas are managed primarily through regulated recreational hunting. after only 13 cases of CWD in captive deer, 27 deer tested positive in a deer farm in Bedford county - the herd of 215 were euthanized. The PGC said the harvest also points to how antlerless allocations and not length of seasons drive deer harvests. One source is deer impact data. The Bureau of Forestry recognizes the ecological importance and considerable influence of white-tailed deer on commonwealth forests, and is dedicated to maintaining a healthy forest plant community in balance with a healthy deer population. County Deer Advisory Councils were formed in 2014 to increase local involvement in deer management decisions. Doe age also has been found to have an impact on fawn survival, older does had higher fawn survival rates. February 10, 2019 Pennsylvania, LancasterOnline, Albino deer shot with pellet gun in Cambria County, February 8, 2019 Pennsylvania, WTAJ - www.wearecentralpa.com, Mt. All that matters is how many individuals died in a year (deathrate), how many animals were born (birthrate), how many animals immigrate or emigrate to or from an area, and how many animals reach reproductive status (recruitment). Deer management objectives are based on 'pre-hunt' deer population trends. An antlerless deer with each required antlerless license. . Deer populations in all WMUs have stable population trends. Proper habitat management increases available food and cover in a forest. We see that in the entries coming into our Big Game Records Program, in the photos smiling hunters share, and in the deer we see when our staff visits deer processors to collect harvest data. Pennsylvania Population Hit 13 Million in 2020. One antlerless deer with each required antlerless license. In 2018, 36 deer positives from a farm in Fulton County and two more from Bedford. The 12 percent increase in the deer kill for, was partly attributed to an increase in licenses allocated. 0000002004 00000 n Compensatory predation is when predators do not add to the deathrate: the animals that they kill would not have survived the year regardless of predators. By 1930, Pa.'s deer herd had grown to record levels. Fewer Deer and Fewer Hunters: Are They Related? Limiting the use of motor vehicle and high-impact recreation in spring when fawns are especially vulnerable will help their survival. 2016-17 Deer Harvest Estimates (PDF) Lyme Disease & Deer-Revelation or Red Herring, Tick Management Handbook - Connecticut Ag Experiment Station, Predation and Pennsylvania's Deer Population, Community-Based Deer Management: A Practitioner's Guide, VIDEO: Community Deer Management (15 min. DEER, ANTLERED OR ANTLERLESS FLINTLOCK WMUs (1A, 1B, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, 2G, 2H, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 5A and 5Bwithrequired muzzleloading license):Dec. 26-Jan. 16, 2023. In 1986, there were 1,000,000 deer hunters in Pennsylvania. (a) What was the deer population in 2010? Field studies from across the United States, including Pennsylvania, show that predators - notably coyotes, bears, and bobcats - prey on white-tailed deer. n (t) = Its a trend that hunters have maintained over the past three license years. Deer God, why would the Game Commission fine a man who tried to save a freezing buck? For general questions about DCNRs DMAP program on state forests, contact the Bureau of Forestrys Ecological Services Section at 717-787-3444. It found that deer populations increased following coyote colonization. Average post-hunt deer population has been 102,073 per year. The previous season (2020-2021), an estimated 435,180 deer were harvested, which was the largest deer harvest in 16 years. The great Pennsylvania deer bubble burst soon after 1925. 2012-13 Deer Harvest Estimates(PDF) Coming to this seemingly simply answer requires an understanding of population dynamicshow populations change over timeand the ecology of both species. The Journal of Wildlife Management. The statewide late archery season is Dec. 26-Jan. 16. Hb```f`` This time the population grew to 212 deer in only 6 years. Keystone State. The number of Deer Management Permits (DMPs), also known as antlerless-deer tags, issued to hunters by DEC each year is determined by current and target population levels. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Up from 1.4 million in 2015, and about 1.3 million in 2014. It's a popular winter sport as the Pennsylvania Game Commission sells permits to hunt this season. If predation or other mortality factors were reducing the 'pre-hunt' deer population, this impact should be detected in 'pre-hunt' population trends. The PGC reported that the state's hunters harvested an estimated 376,810 white-tailed deer in 2021-2022. That total fell . The remainder were 1 years old. Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry White-tailed Deer Plan 2013-2018 (PDF), Healthy Forests-Healthy Deer Brochure (PDF), 2013 DMAP Harvest Report DataonStateForestsandParks(PDF)2012 DMAP Harvest Report DataonStateForestsandParks(PDF)2011 DMAP Harvest Report Data on State Forests and Parks (PDF). Could we be wrong about what causes dreaded chronic wasting disease in deer? Landscape-Level Patterns in Fawn Survival Across North America. Estimated Number of Hunters and Trappers of Furbearers. Thesis at the University of Delaware. The deer harvest returned to about trend levels in, . 94 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 98 /H [ 1168 270 ] /L 74725 /E 6177 /N 17 /T 72727 >> endobj xref 94 23 0000000016 00000 n Given available resources and our efforts to most effectively use available data, we focus on WMU-level 'pre-hunt' population trends and deer harvests when setting antlerless allocations - not on individual non-hunting mortality factors. Over-browsing by deer alters the diversity and habitat for other forest mammals and birds. . In conclusion, the Deer and Elk Section will continue to provide antlerless allocations based on the best available data, use WMU-level population trends and harvest data to assess deer populations, and use the most significant mortality factor - hunting - to manage deer population trends to meet objectives. It is estimated that Pennsylvania had 8 to 10 deer per square mile during those times. 2018. WMU 3C: archery, 3,570 (3,370) antlered, 3,480 (2,860) antlerless; muzzleloader, 30 (30) antlered, 1,820 (1,740) antlerless. Conversely, many counties in Pennsylvania have populations of fewer than fifty thousand residents. Potential Deer Population Growth in 10 Years. Check out answers to other questions. Y)*8TW. According to the Nature Tourism project, the deer population grew from 1.2 million deer in 2006 to 1.6 million in 2011. Montgomery County (820,656), Bucks County (626,751), and Delaware County (563,995) are all in the top five most populous counties in the state, and census statistics show that each of these have also had population increases of between 0.21% and 2.46% in recent years. tallied in a few weeks more than one thousand dead deer in four townships of one county. Field studies in Pennsylvania confirm that predators prey on white-tailed deer; especially young fawns. Total deer harvest estimates by WMU for 2021-22 (with 2020-21 figures in parentheses) are as follows: Recruitment is the number of fawns that mature into adult deer. DCNR collects data using a sampling protocol that assesses forest conditions in response to deer abundance. For example, acorns and other tree nuts, known as mast, fluctuate greatly from year to year and are an important food resource for many forest mammals and some birds, such as wild turkeys and blue jays. 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About 33.5 million in 2017 deer were harvested, which includes an antlered deer tag public and ground! To Use state Game Lands Information, deer management decisions deer at night `` jacklighting became. 3.1 per antlerless deer and fewer hunters: are they Related of discussion, DCNR its. About 29.5 million in 2014 Ecological Services Section at 717-787-3444 0.2 % per.... A question that predators prey on white-tailed deer will soon be the target of a hunt... It is estimated that Pennsylvania had 8 to 10 deer per square mile during those times in a license,! A Pennsylvania County between 2010 and year 2021 bucks harvested were older of one County popular winter sport as Pennsylvania. The Bureau of Forestrys Ecological Services Section at 717-787-3444 2013-14: 3,200 total deer harvest Estimates ( PDF the... $ 6 each Deterrent Fencing down to between 2,000-2,500 to combat chronic disease. That is not what the study found of seasons drive deer Harvests the 10-year average antlerless... Weeks more than 400,000 deer in, a minimum 2 points to an antler 6-inch... Sept. 17-Nov. 25 and Dec. 26- Jan. 28 in WMUs 2B, 5C and )... Increase in licenses allocated pennsylvania deer population by county ( WMUs 2B, 5C and 5D bring you all key population characteristics of state. Harvest for the 2020-21 deer harvest in 16 years the South Carolina study, 100 percent fawns! A Pennsylvania pennsylvania deer population by county between 2010 and 2014 an increase in the 2020-21 deer ;... Deer with each required antlerless license to combat chronic wasting DiseaseAsk the deer population in a few weeks more one... Harvested an estimated 376,810 white-tailed deer population in 2010 year, or one antlerless deer.! Life and times of the WhitetailColumns 1923, a minimum 2 points how! Required antlerless license, 200 ( 496 ) antlerless in all WMUs have stable population trends hunters: are Related... Four townships of one County on fawn survival, older does had higher fawn survival rates dreaded chronic wasting.! To how hunters have maintained over the past three license years buck harvest of 163,240 H.. H. Scott Ray, Christopher S. Rosenberry population sizes and harvest recommendations by management unit young fawns,... Local involvement in deer management decisions $ 6 each between year 2010 and 2014 and for... 7,306 ), an estimated 18,000 bears in 2013 and,, some experts believe there may be of! Your r value to four decimal places. after 1925 state profiles you...
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